Author: Grubbs & Landry

Understanding Estate Planning for Unmarried Couples and Domestic Partnerships…

Estate planning is crucial for unmarried couples to ensure that their assets are distributed according to their wishes. Without a will or trust, state intestacy laws may dictate who inherits the decedent’s property, leaving unmarried partners with nothing. Therefore, creating wills and trusts is essential for each member of an unmarried couple to provide for each other upon death.

Common Law Marriage is Not Allowed in Kentucky

Many unmarried couples choose to live in a Domestic Partnership. However, there are no provisions under the statutes of the Commonwealth of Kentucky that will automatically provide for your partner… unless you have proper Estate Planning. Registered domestic partners are not treated as spouses for federal tax purposes. While registering as domestic partners may protect rights and provide enhanced protections, it’s crucial to consult with an attorney experienced in family law and estate planning to ensure a clear understanding of the legal implications and the necessary steps to protect the partners’ interests.

So If you are in a domestic partnership you need to prepare an estate plan. There are no provisions under the statutes of the Commonwealth of Ky that will provide for your partner in case of death. This could result in the surviving partner being forced to move out of the residence that was formally shared. There are several methods of Estate Planning when it comes to what can help Domestic Partnerships. While even married or state-registered couples need an estate plan, unmarried or unregistered couples can provide important protections for a surviving partner and/or any minor children by drafting an estate plan, as well as naming the people responsible for making important decisions about their health and property. With the help of a knowledgeable Attorney, this can be rectified if you set up the following legal documents…

  • Tenancy is common in Kentucky’s default co-ownership form. Two or more co-owners are tenants unless the deed that gave them the property declares a different co-ownership form. Tenants in common can have unequal co-ownership interests, and they can transfer their interests separately.
  • Joint tenancy with right of survivorship. This is a legal term for a way to own assets jointly, where two or more parties have equal rights and ownership of an account or real estate. If one owner dies, the surviving owners automatically get full ownership of the asset. This would eliminate probate and is easy for your attorney to create for you.
  • Last Will and Testament. When you have properly executed your Last Will and Testament, you can provide for your domestic partnership. It does require the Will to be probated and supervised by the Probate Court. As under federal law, Kentucky does not recognize domestic partners. Consequently, such partners are treated as single taxpayers so you must include them by name in your last Will and Testament.
  • Legal documents you should include in your estate plan: A Power of Attorney gives your partner the legal authority to manage your affairs regarding real estate, business, finance, legal matters, and more. A healthcare directive gives your partner the ability to enforce your personal healthcare wishes should you ever become incapable of doing so yourself. Without these documents insurance companies, banks and hospitals will not recognize your partner’s authority to act on your behalf.
  • Create a living trust. Like a Last Will and Testament, a Revocable Living Trust gives you complete control over your assets and ensures your partner is taken care of when you die. The biggest advantage is avoiding the delays and red tape of probate. There are no court or attorney fees after the trust is established.

Estate Planning Documents for Unmarried Couples

Unmarried couples should consider having important estate planning documents in place, including a living will with a health care proxy, a financial durable power of attorney, and a Last Will and Testament. These documents help establish and protect their preferences for important decisions and ensure that trusted individuals can make decisions on their behalf if they become incapacitated or upon death.

Tax Considerations and Asset Ownership

Unmarried couples should pay attention to how they own property or other assets together. Owning assets as joint tenants with rights of survivorship allows the surviving partner to take full ownership of the entire property by law. Updating beneficiary designations for retirement accounts is also important to ensure that the partner will inherit the accounts according to their wishes.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.

Many Times Insurance Companies Want to Settle Your Case. See Why That’s Not Always a Good Idea For You…

When an insurance company offers you a settlement, they are essentially acknowledging their client’s fault in the accident. They want you to settle to avoid litigation or going to court. Insurance companies usually do not want to get legal help involved, If you get a call from them before you have contacted your lawyer absolutely tell them you want to consult with an attorney before agreeing to settle a case. If the injuries are sustained in any kind of collision, and whether the injuries appear minor or resulted in a fatality, broken bones, paralysis, or other injuries, you should talk to an attorney before talking to an insurance agent or adjuster about the facts of the case.

The Insurer’s Goal

Insurance companies are not on your side. their goal is to pay an injured person as little as possible. Never allow an adjuster to bully you to try to convince you and make you agree to a damaging statement. The most important rule to follow when notifying your insurance company about a crash is to keep it simple.

You can tell the insurance representative…

  • There was a crash
  • Where the crash happened
  • Whether your car was damaged

Saying much more than the bare minimum can do more harm than good in your situation, although it pays to read the insurance policy to confirm that you are not legally obligated to provide more information. Leave it up to them to dispatch a claims adjuster to examine the scene and conduct an investigation.

The Problem With a Money Offer

Sometimes insurance adjusters offer a sum of money immediately after an accident offering to settle your personal injury case. Usually, it is far less than your case may be worth. The full extent of your personal injuries may not be known until many many months or up to a year after an accident. If you accept a settlement in exchange for waiving your claims, you may give up your right to pursue compensation even where your injuries turn out to be very serious. You may be waiving your right to file a claim under your health insurance policy that you aren’t even aware of.

How a Personal Injury Attorney Can Help

A personal injury lawyer helps individuals who have sustained injuries in accidents to recover financial compensation. These funds are often needed to pay for medical treatment, make up for lost wages, pain, and suffering, and provide compensation for injuries suffered. Personal injury lawyers are expected to follow strict set principles of legal ethics when working with their clients. A personal injury attorney is familiar with many different kinds of injuries and evaluations of what a case is reasonably worth. Most people want to be polite and helpful in interacting with others. However, talking to an insurance adjuster without the participation of an attorney is not advisable. Finally, the simple act of having legal representation can make your insurance company take your claim more seriously. When they learn that you have hired a lawyer, they will know that they cannot roll over your interests and are more likely to make a higher initial offer that is closer to what you really deserve.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.
>> Learn More

Disability Benefits – Short Term Disability Explanations and Options in Kentucky…

In Kentucky, or through Social Security Administration (SSA) short-term disability insurance is not guaranteed, and there are no laws protecting employees with short-term disabilities. However, there are other benefits that an employee can use if he is temporarily disabled. A countless number of people find themselves dealing with a temporary disability that is not permanent. Because of this many people turn to their own independent short-term disability insurance policies or employer-provided short-term disability coverage. The following are some examples of short term disability options you may have… 

Short Term Disability Benefits

Employer-provided short-term disability benefits covers leave from work for a temporary disability, such as pregnancy, accidental injuries, and illnesses. Short term disability insurance replaces a portion of the employee’s income, which is a huge benefit for employees. The percentage of income paid depends on the insurance plan. The coverage typically lasts up to 52 weeks. Sometimes employers offer this type of insurance but the employee must sign up for it and it will be an add-on to your health insurance coverage.

Work-related Accidents

If you are temporarily disabled due to an accident or illness related to work, Kentucky’s worker’s compensation laws require that your receive medical treatment and disability pay.

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

FMLA is a federal law that provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to employees for certain family and medical reasons. Kentucky State Government also offers enhanced Family Medical Leave (FML) benefits in some areas. Employees are entitled to continue their health insurance while on leave, at the same cost they must pay while working. FMLA leave is unpaid, but employees may be allowed (or required) to use their accrued paid leave during FMLA leave.

Disability Determination Services

Disability Determination Services makes disability determinations on behalf of the commissioner of Social Security for residents of Kentucky. The program uses federal regulations to determine disability for both Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Income (SSDI). The program also adheres to federal regulations for performance accuracy and processing time standards. Applications must be filed in one of the 27 Social Security offices in the State of KY.

If you need disability benefits you should learn your legal rights in Kentucky. Contact an experienced lawyer to help you get the benefits your need and deserve. They understand what benefits you will qualify for and how you can best secure them.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.
>> Learn More

What Happens If You Get in a Car Accident While Working?

If you’ve been in a car accident while working, it’s normal to be upset and anxious, especially if other people were badly injured. You may be technically at fault for the crash, but you still deserve protection. If you have any worries that your employer’s insurance company is going to throw you under the bus, contact a personal injury attorney. When you add an addition complication to a crash, it can be difficult for the average individual to make sense of who incurs liability and financial responsibility for the injured and the property damage. If someone else causes the crash and they were on the job at the time you may have to deal with a complicated third party insurance claim.

Are Employers Liable for Employee’s Car Accidents?

When an employee causes an accident while performing a work-related task, the employer may be on the legal hook for resulting injuries and property damage. The specifics of the situation will decide whether of not the company or the driver who caused the crash has any responsibility for what happened. If there are injuries to the employee they may have grounds to file a workers compensation claim. If a person on the clock crashed into you, you may be able to bring a claim against their employer for your losses if their insurance does not adequately cover your expenses.

When To File a Third Party Claim After a Car Accident…

One difference between a property damage claim and a personal injury claim is that with the property damage claim you will be back in contact with the insurance adjuster as soon as you have a repair estimate for your property — whereas with a personal injury claim, you will usually wait until your medical condition stabilizes before speaking again with the adjuster. You may need to speak with the adjuster on the phone several times to set up inspection of your car or other property, or to get a separate insurance estimate of repairs if the adjuster requests it. Many insurance carriers will gladly work with their own clients to cover expenses that the company technically has no obligation to pay. They pay and then send the bill along to the company insuring the other driver. In a complicated situation that may involve worker’s compensation the third party insurance may need to be involved. You may need to be more proactive about how you handle your claim in that situation. It may be wise to contact a legal professional who can negotiate with the various insurance carriers on your behalf to make sure you are getting the compensation you need for medical reasons. In a legally complex employee-related accident with injuries you may have to involve a third party insurance carrier.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.
>> Learn More

3 Ways You Can Appeal a Divorce Decree If You Have Valid Grounds…

Once the divorce is completed and a judgment entered, either or both spouses can appeal a trial court judge’s decision to a higher (“appellate” or “appeals”) court. Because of the deference given to the original judge, it is unusual, but not impossible, for an appeals court to overturn a judge’s decision in a divorce case. Settlement agreements usually cannot be overturned on appeal if both spouses agreed to the terms of the settlement unless there were problems with how the agreement was reached or other enforceability issues. The court places a great deal of faith in the judge’s final decision.

Valid Grounds for Appealing a Divorce Decree

The most common claim for appealing a divorce decree is that the court made a mistake regarding the law in the final judgment. The party filing the appeal must show that the judge made some kind of error or mistake in applying or interpreting the law regarding the circumstances of the case. Usually, a party cannot simply challenge facts that were already established during the original proceeding. If the facts have been established at the lower court, the appellate court will accept those as the facts of the case, unless something about those facts is a reflection of the mistake that the court made in applying the law. The person filing the appeal must show that the judge made an error in interpreting or applying the law to the case. The following are a few supporting grounds for a diverse appeal…

  • Instances of fraud committed by the opposing party in connection with the court proceedings.
  • Concealed or hidden assets of other important information by the other party didn’t divulge during the proceedings.
  • Discovery of new facts that could not otherwise be discovered during the original proceedings.

Example: Maybe the court failed to take into account a loss your business has suffered or miscalculated the worth of assets. Or perhaps inadmissible testimony was allowed or pertinent evidence was excluded in your case. Maybe the ex-spouse had a lover and was using community funds to buy gifts for this person. This could make the final judgment on income or alimony payment incorrect. The court is more likely to grant an apple based on any lawful errors committed by the original court.

Ways to Challenge a Divorce Decree Include…

  • Appeal – This is the “normal” avenue for challenging a divorce decree. It is also one of the most time-consuming. You usually have about 30 days to file an appeal after the final judgment has been issued, and the appeal must be based on the court’s mistake of law. In general, no new facts can be introduced on appeal.
  • Motion for Rehearing – A motion for rehearing is a very technical type of procedure that must be filed almost immediately after the judgment is issued. This does not guarantee your case will be reheard by a court and a judge must grant approval of the request.
  • Motion for Relief from Judgment – A motion for relief from judgment is only granted in limited circumstances, like if the other party committed fraud or concealed assets. Generally, this motion may be granted only in cases where something serious has occurred that affects the fairness of the decree.

If you are serious about appealing your divorce decree you must pay attention to the deadlines for completing the process. If you miss the deadline, you may miss your chance to appeal the decree. Talk to a local attorney as soon as possible about the various deadlines for motions and appeals to make sure you don’t lose your opportunity before you act on it.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.
>> Learn More

The Key Advantages of Hiring an Adoption Lawyer…

Adopting a child is a life-changing and complex process that requires careful navigation through legal procedures and requirements. While the journey towards adoption can be filled with ups and downs, the joy of finalizing the adoption makes it all worthwhile. To ensure a successful and smooth adoption experience, it is highly recommended to hire an adoption lawyer who specializes in adoption law. In this article, we will explore the top benefits of hiring an adoption lawyer and how they can guide you through this important journey.

Understanding Adoption Law

Adoption law is a specialized field that varies from state to state. It involves a set of statutes and case laws that dictate how adoptions should be handled. Navigating through these legal complexities can be challenging for individuals without legal expertise. This is where an adoption lawyer becomes invaluable. They possess a deep understanding of adoption law and are well-versed in both the statutes and the case law interpretations. With their knowledge and experience, they can effectively apply the law to your specific adoption case, ensuring compliance and avoiding any legal pitfalls.

Knowledge of Adoption Judges

An adoption lawyer develops a close working relationship with adoption judges, gaining insights into how they interpret adoption law and handle adoption cases. This knowledge gives the lawyer a strategic advantage in presenting your case effectively. They understand the preferences and expectations of the adoption judges, allowing them to navigate the adoption process with confidence and efficiency.

Building Relationships with Hospital Personnel

When a baby is born, the adoption process enters a critical phase. It is essential to have a good relationship with key hospital personnel, particularly hospital adoption social workers. An experienced adoption lawyer has established connections with these professionals and understands the hospital’s policies and procedures regarding adoptions. This relationship ensures that everyone’s time at the hospital goes as smoothly as possible, minimizing any potential complications.

Expedited New Birth Certificate Process

After the adoption is finalized, obtaining the child’s new birth certificate is crucial. Each state’s bureau of vital records has specific requirements for adoption paperwork. An adoption lawyer who is well-versed in these requirements can ensure that all necessary documentation is filed correctly and in a timely manner. This expedites the process of receiving the new birth certificate, providing legal recognition of the child’s new identity and ensuring the smooth transition into their new family.

Expertise in the Indian Child Welfare Act

If the child being adopted has Native American ancestry, the federal Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) may apply. It is essential to determine whether ICWA applies to the adoption and to comply with its provisions. Failure to do so can jeopardize the adoption process. An experienced adoption lawyer possesses a thorough understanding of ICWA and can navigate its complexities, ensuring compliance and safeguarding the adoption.

Knowledge of Adoption Tax Credits

Depending on your household income, adoption expenses may qualify for federal adoption tax credits. These credits can significantly reduce your tax liability, providing financial relief during the adoption process. Additionally, many states, offer state-level adoption tax credits. An adoption lawyer is well-versed in the intricacies of adoption tax credits and can advise you on potential tax benefits, helping you maximize your financial resources.

Navigating Interstate Adoptions

In the case of interstate adoptions, the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) applies. The ICPC outlines specific requirements that must be met when placing a child for adoption across state lines. Navigating the ICPC process can be challenging, but an adoption lawyer with expertise in interstate adoptions can guide you through the process, ensuring compliance and avoiding delays. Their knowledge and experience can expedite the transition, minimizing the time spent away from home during the adoption process.

Handling Birth Father Challenges

One of the most stressful situations in the adoption process occurs when a birth father contests the adoption. This can create significant emotional and legal challenges for the adopting family. An experienced adoption lawyer understands the complexities of birth father rights and knows how to navigate these challenges. They can provide guidance, support, and legal representation, advocating for the best interests of the adopting family and ensuring a fair and just resolution.

Compliance with Financial Assistance Regulations

Some states have specific statutes that govern the financial assistance that adopting parents can provide to expectant mothers. These statutes outline what is permissible in terms of financial support during the adoption process. Additionally, each judge may have their own guidelines regarding appropriate living expenses for birth mothers. An adoption lawyer is well-versed in these regulations and can provide clarity on what is allowed and ensure compliance with both the written and unwritten rules.

Avoiding Conflicts of Interest

Conflicts of interest can arise when representing both the adopting family and the birth mother or birth parents. To avoid any potential conflicts, it is considered best practice for the adopting family and the birth parents to have separate legal representation. An adoption lawyer focuses solely on the best interests of their client, ensuring that their rights and wishes are protected throughout the adoption process.

Hiring an adoption lawyer offers numerous advantages for individuals and couples embarking on the adoption journey. Their expertise in adoption law, knowledge of local judges and personnel, and ability to navigate complex legal processes make them invaluable allies. From understanding the intricacies of adoption law to ensuring compliance with regulations and providing support during challenging situations, an adoption lawyer can guide you through every step of the adoption process. By engaging their services, you can navigate the adoption process with confidence, knowing that you have a dedicated legal professional advocating for your best interests.

Adopting a child is a life-changing experience, and having the right legal support can make all the difference. With an adoption lawyer by your side, you can navigate the complexities of adoption law, streamline the process, and focus on building a loving and secure family for your child.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.

How Marital Property is Divided in a Divorce in Kentucky…

In the state of Kentucky, the division of marital property is an important aspect of divorce proceedings. When a couple decides to end their marriage, the court is responsible for determining how the property, debts, and assets they acquired during the marriage will be divided. Kentucky follows the principle of equitable distribution, which means that property is divided fairly but not necessarily equally. This article will provide an in-depth understanding of how marital property is decided in a divorce in Kentucky.

Understanding Marital Property and Separate Property

To begin the process of dividing property in a divorce, it is essential to differentiate between marital property and separate property. Marital property refers to assets and debts acquired by either spouse during the marriage, while separate property includes property owned before the marriage or acquired during the marriage through gift or inheritance.

Examples of separate property include:

  1. Property owned before marriage.
  2. Inherited or gifted property received during the marriage.
  3. Property sold during the marriage that was originally separate property.
  4. Property defined as separate in a premarital agreement.

On the other hand, marital property includes:

  1. All property acquired by either spouse during the marriage, such as retirement accounts, money, and real estate.
  2. Property purchased during the marriage under a joint account, like real estate or automobiles.
  3. Property that was separate but increased in value due to financial or labor-driven improvements during the marriage.

It’s important to note that separate and marital property can sometimes be mixed together, a situation referred to as “commingling.” Commingling can occur when couples combine their separate assets intentionally or unintentionally. In such cases, it can be challenging to determine the ownership of the commingled property, and legal assistance is often necessary to untangle the complexities.

The Division of Marital Property

In Kentucky, spouses have the option to divide their assets and debts through a separation agreement. This agreement allows them to negotiate the division of property without court intervention. However, the court still has the power to veto or modify the agreement if it deems it extremely unfair.

When spouses are unable to reach an agreement, the court will step in and determine the division of property. In making its decision, the court considers several factors, including:

  1. Each spouse’s contribution to acquiring marital property, including the contributions of a stay-at-home spouse.
  2. Each spouse’s circumstances, including the desirability of having the custodial spouse live in the family home with the children.
  3. The length of the marriage.
  4. The value of the property awarded to each spouse.

It’s important to remember that equitable distribution does not always mean a 50/50 split. The court aims to divide property fairly based on the unique circumstances of each case.

Dividing Debts in Kentucky

In addition to dividing assets, the court in Kentucky also handles the division of debts during a divorce. Debts such as medical bills, credit card debts, and mortgages need to be addressed to ensure a fair distribution of financial obligations.

When dividing debts, the court takes several factors into consideration, including:

  1. The debts and liabilities of each spouse.
  2. The economic circumstances of each spouse.
  3. The basis underlying the debt, such as reckless spending or gambling debt.

It’s worth noting that even if the court orders one spouse to be solely responsible for a debt, creditors may still pursue the other spouse for payment. To protect themselves, individuals should use the court order to remove their name from the account associated with the debt whenever possible.

Divorce can be a challenging and emotionally charged process, especially when it comes to dividing marital property and debts. Understanding the laws and regulations governing property division in Kentucky is crucial to ensure a fair and equitable outcome. Whether spouses are able to reach an agreement on their own or require court intervention, seeking the guidance of a knowledgeable family law attorney can help navigate the complexities of property division and protect one’s rights and financial interests.

If you are considering a divorce or need assistance with property division, it is essential to consult with an experienced attorney who can provide personalized advice based on your unique situation. They can help you navigate the legal system and ensure that your rights are protected throughout the process.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.

Can Police Break The Law To Enforce The Law?…

Whether they are on duty or off duty, police officers must obey the law. When police officers break the law, they can be punished just like you if you commit a crime. Courts have held police officers accountable for their wrongdoing, misconduct, and illegal acts. If a police officer is guilty of domestic violence, hit and run, or any other crime, a judge can sentence the officer to the same punishments as you face. The officer can serve time in prison, pay fines, and be on probation. Some of the actions that police officers take during the course of their jobs may be considered illegal, if those actions violate your civil rights.

An Arrest Cannot Be Made Without Probable Cause

The definition of Probable cause means that a police officer would believe that a crime was in the process of being committed, had been committed, or was going to be committed. Probable cause is enough for a search or arrest warrant. It is also enough for a police officer to make an arrest if he sees a crime being committed. police officers cannot abuse their power to arrest individuals without cause. But some officers misuse arrests for various reasons.
If the officer does not have probable cause to believe a crime had been committed, the officer violates the person’s Fourth Amendment rights. False arrests can also violate a person’s Fourteenth Amendment right of due process and the person’s Eighth Amendment right not to be subject to cruel or unusual punishment.

What If An Arrest is Made Without Cause?

If a police officer arrests a person without cause, any evidence obtained pursuant to the wrongful arrest is inadmissible in court. If you were charged with a crime, you can file a motion to exclude evidence obtained from the false arrest. This motion is filed with the court in your criminal case. Any criminal evidence found because of the wrongful arrest can get thrown out. Without that evidence, there may not be a valid case against the person. In Kentucky, if your civil rights have been violated during an instance of alleged wrongful arrest or detainment, you may be entitled to sue. You can sue to receive financial compensation for any damages you incurred, such as hospital bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. You also can file a suit to hold a law enforcement agent accountable for the injustice committed against you or a lack of “probable cause” in the arrest.

Individuals need to understand their legal rights when interacting with police officers. First and foremost showing a little respect will go a long way when you’re talking with the police. However, be aware of your civil rights. Police actions that constitute a breach of civil rights. In addition to false arrests, there is a long list of things that police cannot do legally while performing their jobs. Individuals need to understand their legal rights when interacting with police officers.

Here are a few examples:

  • They must have a warrant or probable cause before they can conduct a search and seizure.
  • They must have probable cause before they can stop a vehicle.
  • If evidence is in plain view, they can search a vehicle or person without consent or a search warrant.
  • They are not allowed to say they have a search warrant if they do not. They cannot lie about how the legal system works.
  • They cannot bribe or intimidate to obtain a confession.
  • Surveillance abuse, planting evidence, racial profiling, excessive force, corruption, false imprisonment, and assault are just a few more examples of illegal acts committed by police officers.

If you believe your Constitutional rights were violated or a police officer is guilty of misconduct, contact a criminal defense attorney. Being falsely accused of committing a crime can be devastating. For many, being falsely accused of a crime takes a toll emotionally and physically. After being falsely arrested, it is a natural response to try to fight back and defend yourself. However, defending yourself and responding to false arrest in a rash and angry way can hurt your case.

If you are arrested, remain silent except for asking for an attorney. A criminal defense attorney can help you determine if the police did anything illegal. Your attorney also assists you in formulating a defense strategy that may result in a dismissal of charges and compensation for damages if the police officer is guilty of misconduct or wrongdoing.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.

Social Security Disability – Understanding the Process And How To Apply If You Need Disability Benefits…

Although disability benefits are good news for many people you will find that the process is a long and difficult one. If you have serious liabilities, you likely cannot work and you are wondering just how you are going to pay your bills. SSD (social security disability) benefits are great financial assistance to help you. However SSA receives millions of applications every year and they initially deny far more than they approve. Do not give up if your SSD application is rejected at first. You can appeal, and many applicants go on to receive the SSD benefits they deserve. However, you must remember the process can be difficult and take more time before you receive the benefits you need. It takes Kentucky courage to fight for the SSD benefits you need and deserve.

Initial Application

When filing for liability in Kentucky, you will have to provide several documents to prove you are eligible. Having them prepared can help expedite the process. The documents you may need to include: a birth certificate, proof of US citizenship, discharge papers from the US military if you served, W-2 forms, an adult disability report that provides detail about your condition, work history, medical record from your doctor, test results, proof of workers compensation benefits, pay stubs, personal information.

Disability Determination Process

A representative in your local SSD office will collect information by phone, mail, online, or in person. During the process, the SSA will determine if you are disabled according to their definition. You must also be unable to work for at least one year, or your condition is expected to end in death. Plus you must have also collected enough social security work credits, which are based on your yearly income. This evaluation is usually made by Disability Determination Services (DDS).

First Decision

The DDs will try to obtain evidence from your medical sources. If there is not enough to help them make a decision they will request you to have a consultative exam (CE). This CE will provide the SSA with any additional information they require. Your personal physician can conduct this CE but the DDS may reach out to an independent physician for the exam. If the DDS finds that you are disabled the SSA will complete the non-disability development if it is outstanding, calculate the amount of benefits you are to receive and begin paying those benefits. If the DDS finds that you are not disabled, the file is still sent to the field office where it will remain, in case you decide to appeal the decision.

Preparing An Appeal

If you are denied the first thing you should do is to prepare your appeal. Then speak to a Kentucky SSD attorney for help. The appeal process is long and complex and an attorney can help pursue a successful appeal. Your attorney may simply have you reorganize your facts to get a denial to overturn.

Appeal Deadline

When the SSA denies your application they will send a notice with a reason for the denial. The notice will tell you how long you have to appeal the decision. Generally, you will have 60 days from the date you receive the notice to appeal a decision.

Reconsideration Decision

You will have a completely new person to go over all the information of your initial application. The amount of time it takes to receive the reconsideration will depend on how quickly the new examiner receives the medical records and if they require additional questionnaires pertaining to your activities of daily living (ADLs). Additional CEs may also be necessary, which will take longer as well.

Deadline to Appeal for Hearing

If the application is still denied, you can take your case to the next phase of the appeals process, which is the hearing. The hearing takes place in front of an administrative law judge (ALJ). The ALJ will hear testimony from expert witnesses and you will also have a chance to speak about your disability. You will once again be given 60 days to decide if you want a hearing.

Preparing For a Hearing

By the time this hearing takes place, it will probably be nearly one year since your first application. You definitely want to be prepared for the hearing when the date comes. Collect new current medical records. The ALJ will want to see medical records that are up to date, and will not accept your old medical records to determine if you are disabled. the SSA is required to provide you with at least 75 days’ notice before your hearing to tell you the date of your hearing. This should give you plenty of time to have new MRIs, X-rays, or any other test, plus a new medical source statement from your doctor that you need to convince the ALJ that you need SSD benefits. The medical source should include activities you can no longer perform, such as sitting for more than 20 minutes or being unable to regularly lift a certain weight. Also, request your SSA file from the SSA and review it. Reviewing the file can help you prepare an argument that will give you a better chance of a decision being made in your favor after the hearing. By now you should have had an attorney that can prepare you for the hearing and represent you during it.

Things to expect during the hearing…

  • You will be questioned by the judge
  • An attorney is allowed to speak on your behalf
  • You can expect expert witnessed to attend
  • The ALJ will ask you questions about your disability

The ALJ will not usually give you a decision right away. You will typically get a decision within 30 days after the hearing unless there are extenuating circumstances involved.

Suffering a disability is difficult enough. You shouldn’t have to also go through an extremely long and difficult process to receive the benefits you need to pay your bills. However, if you want to receive SSD benefits that is exactly what you will need to do. A Kentucky disability lawyer can help, so don’t do it by yourself.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.
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Police Misconduct During Traffic Stops: Understanding the Issues and Seeking Solutions…

Police misconduct during traffic stops is a serious issue that can have far-reaching consequences for individuals and communities. While police officers play a vital role in maintaining public order and safety, instances of misconduct can lead to violations of civil rights, physical harm, and erosion of trust between law enforcement and the public. In this article, we will explore the various forms of police misconduct during traffic stops, the impact it can have on individuals, and the available remedies and solutions to address this issue.

Understanding Police Misconduct during Traffic Stops

Unlawful Stops: Violations of Probable Cause

One of the key elements of police misconduct during traffic stops is the violation of probable cause. According to the law, officers must have a valid reason to believe that a driver has violated the motor vehicle code or is engaged in criminal activity in order to initiate a traffic stop. Failure to meet this requirement can result in wrongful stops, where individuals may face unwarranted charges and potential violations of their constitutional rights. It is crucial to ensure that officers have legitimate grounds for stopping a motorist to prevent abuse of power and safeguard individual liberties.

Unreasonable Detention: Violations of Time Limits

Another form of police misconduct during traffic stops is the unreasonable detention of individuals. The law prohibits police from holding a driver for longer than necessary, beyond the time required to address the initial reason for the stop. If officers unnecessarily prolong a traffic stop, such as waiting for a K-9 unit to arrive for a seat belt violation, it can be seen as a violation of an individual’s rights. By exceeding time limits, officers not only infringe upon personal freedom but also risk the dismissal of any evidence collected during the extended detention.

Unlawful Searches: Violations of Privacy Rights

The search of a vehicle during a traffic stop must adhere to certain legal requirements to be considered lawful. Police officers generally need either the driver’s consent or a warrant to conduct a search. However, there are limited circumstances in which a warrantless search may be permissible, such as when officers have probable cause to believe they see evidence of criminal activity in plain view. When officers conduct searches without proper consent or a valid warrant, any evidence obtained may be deemed inadmissible in court. Unlawful searches infringe upon an individual’s right to privacy and undermine the integrity of the criminal justice system.

Highway Interdiction: A Troubling Practice

There have been reports of police officers engaging in a practice known as highway interdiction. This tactic involves officers casting a wide net and stopping drivers for any reason, with the intention of investigating them for drug offenses. While the goal may be to combat drug crimes, scrutiny of these stops has revealed a significant number of illegal stops that were ultimately dismissed. Highway interdiction raises concerns about racial profiling, abuse of power, and the erosion of trust between law enforcement and the community.

The Impact of Police Misconduct during Traffic Stops

The impact of police misconduct during traffic stops extends beyond the individuals directly involved. It can have far-reaching consequences for communities and the criminal justice system as a whole. Some of the key impacts include:

Violation of Civil Rights

Police misconduct during traffic stops can result in the violation of individuals’ civil rights. Unlawful stops, unreasonable detentions, and unlawful searches infringe upon the rights guaranteed by the Constitution, such as the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. These violations erode trust in law enforcement and can have a lasting impact on an individual’s perception of the justice system.

Disproportionate Impact on Marginalized Communities

There is evidence to suggest that certain communities, particularly marginalized and minority groups, are disproportionately affected by police misconduct during traffic stops. Racial profiling and discriminatory practices can result in higher rates of unwarranted stops, searches, and arrests. This not only perpetuates systemic inequalities but also undermines the principles of fairness and justice.

Erosion of Trust and Community-Police Relations

Instances of police misconduct during traffic stops contribute to a breakdown in trust between law enforcement and the community. When individuals experience unjust treatment at the hands of the police, it creates a sense of fear, resentment, and alienation. This lack of trust hinders effective community policing efforts and cooperation, making it harder to address crime and maintain public safety.

Burden on the Criminal Justice System

Police misconduct during traffic stops can place an additional burden on the criminal justice system. Wrongful stops and violations of individuals’ rights can lead to the dismissal of charges and the exclusion of evidence. This not only wastes valuable resources but also undermines the credibility and effectiveness of the justice system. It is essential to address police misconduct to ensure the integrity and fairness of the criminal justice process.

Remedies and Solutions to Address Police Misconduct during Traffic Stops

Addressing police misconduct during traffic stops requires a multi-faceted approach involving legal remedies, policy reforms, and community action. Here are some of the remedies and solutions that can help address this issue:

Legal Remedies: Exclusionary Rule and Criminal Charges

Legal remedies play a crucial role in deterring and penalizing police misconduct during traffic stops. The exclusionary rule allows defendants to request the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence in criminal court. This rule incentivizes officers to act lawfully and encourages police departments to provide adequate training in constitutional rights. Additionally, criminal charges can be filed against officers who engage in misconduct, ensuring accountability and potentially resulting in incarceration, fines, and removal from the job.

Civil Lawsuits: Section 1983 and Structural Reform

Civil lawsuits provide another avenue for seeking justice and accountability for police misconduct during traffic stops. Under the Civil Rights Act of 1871, victims can sue both the offending officer and the department. Section 1983 lawsuits allow victims to seek monetary damages for their injuries, serving as a deterrent against misconduct. In cases where a department exhibits a pattern of misconduct, courts may order structural reforms to improve department policies, practices, and training.

Administrative Remedies: License Revocation and Citizen Review Boards

Administrative remedies can be imposed by state agencies, police departments, municipalities, or citizen review boards. License revocation is a powerful tool to hold officers accountable for serious misconduct, preventing them from working as police officers. Internal affairs investigations within police departments can address allegations of misconduct and impose disciplinary actions if necessary. Citizen review or oversight boards provide an independent mechanism for investigating alleged misconduct, enhancing transparency, and strengthening public accountability.

Policy Reforms: Policymaking Changes and Community Action

Policy reforms are essential to deter police misconduct during traffic stops. Policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels can enact changes that remove legal obstacles to holding officers accountable, require training in de-escalation tactics and cultural sensitivity, mandate body camera use, and allocate resources based on community needs. Community action, such as attending rallies, participating in marches, and reporting misconduct, can also bring about change by raising awareness and demanding accountability.

Police misconduct during traffic stops is a significant issue that demands attention and action. Unlawful stops, unreasonable detentions, and unlawful searches violate individuals’ rights, disproportionately impact marginalized communities, erode trust, and burden the criminal justice system. By implementing legal remedies, pursuing civil lawsuits, employing administrative solutions, and enacting policy reforms, we can begin to address this problem. It is crucial to work collectively to ensure fairness, justice, and respect for the rights of all individuals during traffic stops and beyond.

Contact us (859-341-2500) for a Free Consultation!

About Grubbs & Landry

At Grubbs & Landry, PLLC, we are dedicated to personal and friendly service. We manage our practice in an ethical, cost-effective manner to best help our clients resolve their legal issues with the least expense possible. We pride ourselves in advocating for our client in divorce, child custody, and child support matters as well as other family law matters. We are active in prosecuting personal injury cases-recovering for the injuries our clients sustain due to the negligence of others. Additionally, we help our clients prepare for the future through the preparation of Wills, Power of Attorney and Living Will.